Recent developments in the conflict in the Middle East are increasingly complex and involve various actors, both regional countries and international powers. Maliha, recently, the average conflict in this region revolves around main issues such as territorial control, ideological bases, and humanitarian challenges. One of the hot spots is the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The ceasefire between the two parties is often violated. In recent months, rocket attacks by Hamas from Gaza and retaliatory air strikes by Israel have increased. These tensions are exacerbated by Israel’s settlement policies in the West Bank, which further increase hatred and divisions between rival communities. Meanwhile, the situation in Syria continues to be in the spotlight. Various armed factions, including ISIS and Kurdish groups, are trying to seize territory. Although Bashar al-Assad’s government has claimed victory in many areas, internal conflicts and foreign influence, especially from Russia and Iran, still continue. There are no signs of a solid peace agreement on the horizon. In the Yemeni region, the prolonged civil war is also showing serious symptoms. The Saudi-led coalition is fighting against the Iran-backed Houthi movement. The humanitarian crisis in Yemen is worsening with the ongoing blockade and airstrikes involving civilians. Reports from various international organizations indicate that millions of people in Yemen are in a state of extreme need and hunger. Additionally, new tensions are emerging between Türkiye and Kurds in northern Iraq and Syria. Türkiye is trying to suppress Kurdish forces which it views as a terrorist threat. The military operation carried out by Türkiye to expel Kurdish fighters from the border adds complexity to the regional conflict. In a geopolitical context, the involvement of the US and Russia in this conflict is very significant. The US seeks to maintain strategic alliances with Israel and Saudi Arabia, while Russia offers support to Bashar al-Assad. This approach creates uncertainty and has the potential to change the balance of power in the region. The refugee crisis is also a serious problem related to all these conflicts. Millions of people have been forced to flee their homes, creating social and economic problems for neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Jordan and Türkiye. International aid programs face major challenges in addressing this problem. Apart from that, developments in diplomacy in this region are worth noting. Relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel are slowly starting to form, with the hope that normalization can increase stability. However, the ideological and dark historical differences between these countries still leave many challenges. Mass media and digital platforms play an important role in shaping public opinion around the world regarding the conflict in the Middle East. News and information continues to develop, so that the global community is increasingly interested in understanding the dynamics that are occurring. For this reason, a deeper understanding of the local context, history and culture is very necessary to understand the existing issues. Thus, the development of conflicts in the Middle East is not only the responsibility of countries in the region, but also involves the international community to play an active role in finding solutions and reducing the negative impacts resulting from various prolonged conflicts.
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